''Alsophila'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of tree ferns in the family Cyatheaceae.
[ It has also been considered to be a ]section
Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
* Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea
* Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents
** Section sig ...
in the subgenus
In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.
In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...
''Cyathea
''Cyathea'' is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.
The genus name ''Cyathea'' is derived from the Greek ''kyatheion'', meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.
De ...
'' of the genus ''Cyathea''.
Description
Species of ''Alsophila'' have a treelike growth habit, with an erect trunk that rarely branches, or sometimes a more shrublike habit, with a creeping stem. Their frond
A frond is a large, divided leaf. In both common usage and botanical nomenclature, the leaves of ferns are referred to as fronds and some botanists restrict the term to this group. Other botanists allow the term frond to also apply to the lar ...
s are large, with a strawlike stalk (stipe), dark brown or black in colour. Brown or dark brown scales are present, with distinct margins. The blade (lamina) of the frond is divided one to three times (one- to three-pinnate). The sori (spore-producing structures) are rounded and borne on smaller veins on the lower surface of the frond. An indusium
A sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (plural coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori.
Etymology
This New Latin word is from Ancient ...
(a covering to the sori) may or may not be present; if present initially, it may be lost as the frond ages.[
''Alsophila'' is now separated from the other genera in the family Cyatheaceae primarily on the basis of ]molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
studies.[ The scales on the stalks (petioles) provide a morphological distinction. ''Alsophila'' has scales with distinct margins, unlike ''Sphaeropteris'', and with an apical hair or spine (seta), unlike ''Cyathea''. The ornamentation of the spores also distinguishes ''Alsophila'' and ''Cyathea''.][
]
Taxonomy
The genus ''Alsophila'' was erected by Robert Brown in 1810.[ It is placed in the family ]Cyatheaceae
The Cyatheaceae are a family of ferns, the scaly tree ferns, one of eight families in the order Cyatheales in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I). Alternatively, the family may defined much more broadly (Cyatheaceae '' ...
.[ The division of the family into genera has had a long and controversial history.][ Three or four ]clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
s have been suggested based on molecular phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...
studies. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relatio ...
classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts three genera, placing the ''Gymnosphaera'' clade within ''Alsophila''.[ In 2018, Dong and Zuo proposed the relationship shown in the cladogram below, and provided names in ''Gymnosphaera'' for species they considered to belong in this genus.][
Older sources, such as the New Zealand Organisms Register and Large and Braggins (2004), place ''Alsophila'' within a broadly defined ''Cyathea''.][
]
Species
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a consensus on the classification of pteridophytes ( lycophytes and ferns) that reflects knowledge about plant relatio ...
classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepted the genus ''Alsophila'' with 275 species.[ , ]Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
accepted 296 species.[
*'' Alsophila abbottii'' (Maxon) R.M.Tryon ( syn. ''Cyathea abbottii'')
*'' Alsophila acanthophora'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea acanthophora'')
*'' Alsophila acrostichoides'' Alderw. (syn. ''Cyathea acrostichoides'')
*'' Alsophila acuminata'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea acuminata'')
*'' Alsophila acutula'' R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila albida'' (Tardieu) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila albidosquamata'' (Rosenst.) Lehnert
*'' Alsophila alderwereltii'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea alderwereltii'')
*'' Alsophila alleniae'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea alleniae'')
*'' Alsophila alpina'' Alderw. (syn. ''Cyathea alpicola'')
*'' Alsophila alta'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila alternans'' (Hook.) Hook.
*'' Alsophila alticola'' (Tardieu) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila amboinensis'' Alderw. (syn. ''Cyathea amboinensis'')
*'' Alsophila andersonii'' J.Scott ex Bedd. (syn. ''Cyathea andersonii'')
*'' Alsophila andohahelensis'' Tardieu
*'' Alsophila aneitensis'' (Hook.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea aneitensis'')
*'' Alsophila angiensis'' A.Gepp
*'' Alsophila annae'' Alderw. (syn. ''Cyathea annae'')
*'' Alsophila apiculata'' Rosenst. (syn. ''Cyathea apiculata'')
*'' Alsophila apoensis'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea apoensis'')
*'' Alsophila appendiculata'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila approximata'' (Bonap.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea approximata'')
*'' Alsophila archboldii'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea archboldii'')
*'' Alsophila arfakensis'' A.Gepp (syn. ''Cyathea kanehirae'')
*'' Alsophila atropurpurea'' (Copel.) C.Chr. (syn. ''Cyathea atropurpurea'')
*'' Alsophila auneae'' D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea pubescens'')
*'' Alsophila auriculata'' (Tardieu) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila australis'' R.Br. (syn. ''Cyathea australis'')
*'' Alsophila austroyunnanensis'' S.G.Lu
*'' Alsophila baileyana'' Domin (syn. ''Cyathea baileyana'')
*'' Alsophila balanocarpa'' (D.C.Eaton) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea balanocarpa'')
*'' Alsophila baroumba'' L.Linden
*'' Alsophila basirotundata'' (Rakotondr. & Janssen) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila batjanensis'' Christ (syn. ''Cyathea batjanensis'')
*'' Alsophila bellisquamata'' (Bonap.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila biformis'' Rosenst. (syns ''Alsophila lilianiae'', ''Cyathea biformis'')
*'' Alsophila binayana'' (M.Kato) Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila bisquamata'' (M.Kato) Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila boivinii'' Mett. ex Ettingsh. (syn. ''Alsophila boiviniiformis'')
*'' Alsophila borbonica'' (Desv.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila borneensis'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea borneensis'')
* ''Alsophila'' × ''boytelii'' Caluff & Shelton
*'' Alsophila brachyphylla'' (Holttum) Lehnert
*'' Alsophila brausei'' R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea hunsteiniana'')
*'' Alsophila brevipinna'' (Benth.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea brevipinna'')
*'' Alsophila brooksii'' (Maxon) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea brooksii'')
*'' Alsophila bryophila'' R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea bryophila'')
*'' Alsophila buennemeijeri'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila bullata'' Baker
*'' Alsophila calcicola'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila callosa'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea callosa'')
*'' Alsophila camerooniana'' (Hook.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea camerooniana'')
*'' Alsophila capensis'' (L.f.) J.Sm. (syn. ''Cyathea capensis'')
*'' Alsophila catillifera'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea catillifera'')
*'' Alsophila celebica'' (Blume) Mett.
*'' Alsophila celsa'' R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila cicatricosa'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila cincinnata'' (Brause) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea cincinnata'')
*'' Alsophila cinerea'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea cinerea'')
*'' Alsophila coactilis'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea coactilis'')
*'' Alsophila colensoi'' Hook.f. (syn. ''Cyathea colensoi'')
*'' Alsophila commutata'' Mett. (syn. ''Cyathea recommutata'')
*'' Alsophila conantiana'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila conferta'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila confinis'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila costalisora'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea costalisora'')
*'' Alsophila costularis'' Baker
*'' Alsophila coursii'' Tardieu
*'' Alsophila crassicaula'' R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila crenulata'' Mett. ex Hook (syn. ''Cyathea raciborskii'')
*'' Alsophila crinita'' Hook.
*'' Alsophila cubensis'' (Underw. ex Maxon) Caluff & Shelton
*'' Alsophila cucullifera'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea cucullifera'')
*'' Alsophila cunninghamii'' (Hook.f.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea cunninghamii'')
*'' Alsophila cuspidata'' (Kunze) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea cuspidata'')
*'' Alsophila deckenii'' (Kuhn & Decken) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea deckenii'')
*'' Alsophila decrescens'' (Mett.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea decrescens'')
*'' Alsophila decurrens'' Hook.
*'' Alsophila denticulata'' Baker (syns ''Alsophila acaulis'', ''Cyathea hancockii'')
*'' Alsophila dicksonioides'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea dicksonioides'')
*'' Alsophila dilatata'' (Rakotondr. & Janssen) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila dimorpha'' Christ (syn. ''Cyathea dimorpha'')
*'' Alsophila doctersii'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea doctersii'')
*'' Alsophila dregei'' (Kunze) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea dregei'')
*'' Alsophila dryopteroides'' (Maxon) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea dryopteroides'')
*'' Alsophila edanoi'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea edanoi'')
*'' Alsophila elata'' O.G.Martínez
*'' Alsophila emilei'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila engelii'' R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea elongata'')
*'' Alsophila erinacea'' (H.Karst.) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea erinacea'')
*'' Alsophila eriophora'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea eriophora'')
*'' Alsophila esmeraldensis'' R.C.Moran
*'' Alsophila everta'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea everta'')
*'' Alsophila excavata'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea excavata'')
*'' Alsophila excelsior'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila exilis'' (Holttum) Lehnert
* ''Alsophila'' × ''fagildei'' Caluff & Shelton
*'' Alsophila fenicis'' (Copel.) C.Chr. (syn. ''Cyathea fenicis'')
*'' Alsophila ferdinandii'' R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea macarthurii'')
*'' Alsophila ferruginea'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea ferruginea'')
*'' Alsophila firma'' (Baker) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea mexicana'')
*'' Alsophila foersteri'' (Rosenst.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea foersteri'')
*'' Alsophila fulgens'' (C.Chr.) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea fulgens'')
*'' Alsophila fuliginosa'' Christ (syn. ''Cyathea fuliginosa'')
*'' Alsophila gastonyi'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila geluensis'' (Rosenst.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea geluensis'')
*'' Alsophila gigantea'' Wall. ex Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea gigantea'')
*'' Alsophila glaberrima'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea glaberrima'')
*'' Alsophila glabra'' (Blume) Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea glabra'')
*'' Alsophila glaucifolia'' R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila gleichenioides'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea gleichenioides'')
*'' Alsophila grangaudiana'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) J.P.Roux
*'' Alsophila gregaria'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea gregaria'')
*'' Alsophila grevilleana'' (Mart.) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea grevilleana'')
*'' Alsophila halconensis'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea halconensis'')
*'']Alsophila havilandii
''Alsophila havilandii'', synonym ''Cyathea havilandii'', is a species of tree fern endemic to Kinabalu National Park in Borneo, where it grows in ridge forest at an altitude of 2400–3000 m. It is a rather small species, having an erect trunk ...
'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea havilandii'')
*'' Alsophila hebes'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila henryi'' Baker (syn. ''Cyathea henryi'')
*'' Alsophila hermannii'' R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea christii'')[
*'' Alsophila heterochlamydea'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea heterochlamydea'')][
*'']Alsophila hildebrandtii
Alsophila may refer to:
* ''Alsophila'' (moth), a genus of moth
* ''Alsophila'' (plant), a genus of tree ferns
{{Taxonomy disambiguation ...
'' (Kuhn) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila hooglandii'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea hooglandii'')
*'' Alsophila hookeri'' (Thwaites) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea hookeri'')
*'' Alsophila hornei'' Baker (syn. ''Cyathea hornei'')
*'' Alsophila horridula'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea horridula'')
*'' Alsophila hotteana'' (C.Chr. & Ekman) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea hotteana'')
*'' Alsophila humbertiana'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila humilis'' (Hieron.) Pic.Serm. (syn. ''Cyathea humilis'')
*'' Alsophila hyacinthei'' R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila hymenodes'' (Mett.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea hymenodes'')
*'' Alsophila imbricata'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea imbricata'')
*'' Alsophila impolita'' (Rakotondr. & Janssen) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila imrayana'' (Hook.) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea imrayana'')
*'' Alsophila incisoserrata'' (Copel.) C.Chr. (syn. ''Cyathea incisoserrata'')
*'' Alsophila indiscriminata'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila inquinans'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea inquinans'')
*'' Alsophila insulana'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea insulana'')
*'' Alsophila isaloensis'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila ivohibensis'' (C.Chr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila javanica'' (Blume) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea javanica'')
*'' Alsophila jimeneziana'' D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea crassa'')
*'' Alsophila jivariensis'' Hieron.
*'' Alsophila johnsii'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila junghuhniana'' Kunze (syn. ''Cyathea junghuhniana'')
*'' Alsophila katoi'' Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila kermadecensis'' (W.R.B.Oliv.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea kermadecensis'')
*'' Alsophila khasyana'' T.Moore ex Kuhn (syn. ''Cyathea khasyana'')
*''Alsophila kirkii
Alsophila may refer to:
* ''Alsophila'' (moth), a genus of moth
* ''Alsophila'' (plant), a genus of tree ferns
{{Taxonomy disambiguation ...
'' (Hook.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila klossii'' (Ridl.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea klossii'')
*'' Alsophila lamoureuxii'' (W.N.Takeuchi) Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila lastii'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila latebrosa'' Wall. ex Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea latebrosa'')
*'' Alsophila latipinnula'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea latipinnula'')
*'' Alsophila leichhardtiana'' F.Muell.
*'' Alsophila lepidoclada'' Christ (syn. ''Cyathea lepidoclada'')
*'' Alsophila leptochlamys'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila ligulata'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila lisyae'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila loerzingii'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea loerzingii'')
*'' Alsophila loheri'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea loheri'')
*'' Alsophila longipes'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea longipes'')
*'' Alsophila longipinnata'' (Bonap.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila longispina'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila loubetiana'' L.Linden
*'' Alsophila lurida'' (Blume) Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea lurida'')
*'' Alsophila macgillivrayi'' Baker (syn. ''Cyathea macgillivrayi'')
*'' Alsophila macgregorii'' (F.Muell.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea macgregorii'')
*'' Alsophila macropoda'' (Domin) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea macropoda'')
*'' Alsophila madagascarica'' Bonap.
*'' Alsophila magnifolia'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea magnifolia'')
*'' Alsophila major'' Caluff & Shelton
*'' Alsophila manniana'' (Hook.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea manniana'')
*'' Alsophila mapahuwensis'' (M.Kato) Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila marattioides'' (Willd. ex Kaulf.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea marattioides'')
* ''Alsophila'' × ''marcescens'' (N.A.Wakef.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea'' × ''marcescens'')
*'' Alsophila masapilidensis'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea masapilidensis'')
*'' Alsophila matitanensis'' R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea madagascarica'')
*'' Alsophila media'' (W.H.Wagner & Grether) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea media'')
* ''Alsophila'' × ''medinae'' Caluff & Shelton (syn. ''Cyathea'' × ''medinae'')
*'' Alsophila melleri'' (Domin) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila meridionalis'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila metteniana'' Hance (syn. ''Cyathea metteniana'')
*'' Alsophila micra'' R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila microchlamys'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea microchlamys'')
*'' Alsophila microphylloides'' (Rosenst.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea microphylloides'')
*'' Alsophila mildbraedii'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea mildbraedii'')
*'' Alsophila milnei'' (Hook.f.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea milnei'')
*'' Alsophila minervae'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila minor'' (D.C.Eaton) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea minor'')
*'' Alsophila modesta'' Baker (syn. ''Cyathea modesta'')
*'' Alsophila monosticha'' Christ
*'' Alsophila montana'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea costulisora'')
*'' Alsophila mossambicensis'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea mossambicensis'')
*'' Alsophila mostellaria'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila muelleri'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea muelleri'')
*'' Alsophila murkelensis'' (M.Kato) Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila nebulosa'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila negrosiana'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea negrosiana'')
*'' Alsophila nicklesii'' (Tardieu & F.Ballard) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea nicklesii'')
*'' Alsophila nigrolineata'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea nigrolineata'')
*'' Alsophila nigropaleata'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea nigropaleata'')
*'' Alsophila nilgirensis'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea nilgirensis'')
*'' Alsophila nockii'' (Jenman) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea nockii'')
*'' Alsophila nothofagorum'' (Holttum) Lehnert
*'' Alsophila novabrittanica'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila obtecta'' (Rakotondr. & Janssen) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila obtusiloba'' Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea obtusiloba'')
*'' Alsophila odonelliana'' (Alston) Lehnert
*'' Alsophila ogurae'' Hayata (syn. ''Cyathea ogurae'')
*'' Alsophila ohaensis'' (M.Kato) Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila oinops'' (Hassk.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea oinops'')
*'' Alsophila oosora'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea oosora'')
*'' Alsophila orientalis'' (T.Moore) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea orientalis'')
*'' Alsophila orthogonalis'' (Bonap.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila pachyrrhachis'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea pachyrrhachis'')
*'' Alsophila pacifica'' Christenh.
*'' Alsophila pallidipaleata'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea pallidipaleata'')
*'' Alsophila parrisiae'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila patellifera'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea patellifera'')
*'' Alsophila percrassa'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea percrassa'')
*'' Alsophila perpelvigera'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea perpelvigera'')
*'' Alsophila perpunctulata'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea perpunctulata'')
*'' Alsophila perrieriana'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea perrieriana'')
*'' Alsophila phlebodes'' Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila physolepidota'' (Alston) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea physolepidota'')
*'' Alsophila pilosula'' (Tardieu) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila plagiostegia'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea plagiostegia'')
*'' Alsophila podophylla'' Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea podophylla'')
*'' Alsophila polycarpa'' (Jungh.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea polycarpa'')
*'' Alsophila polystichoides'' Christ (syn. ''Cyathea polystichoides'')
*'' Alsophila poolii'' C.Chr.
*'' Alsophila portoricensis'' (Kuhn) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea portoricensis'')
*'' Alsophila pruinosa'' (Rosenst.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea pruinosa'')
*'' Alsophila pseudobellisquamara'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila pseudomuelleri'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea pseudomuelleri'')
*'' Alsophila punctulata'' Alderw. (syn. ''Cyathea punctulata'')
*'' Alsophila pycnoneura'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea pycnoneura'')
*'' Alsophila quadrata'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila ramispina'' Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea ramispina'')
*'' Alsophila ramispinoides'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila rebeccae'' F.Muell. (syn. ''Cyathea rebeccae'')
*'' Alsophila recurvata'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea recurvata'')
*'' Alsophila rigens'' (Rosenst.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea rigens'')
*'' Alsophila rolandii'' R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila roroka'' (Hovenkamp) Lehnert & Coritico
*'' Alsophila rosenstockii'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea ascendens'')
*'' Alsophila rouhaniana'' (Rakotondr. & Janssen) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila rubella'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea rubella'')
*'' Alsophila rubiginosa'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea rubiginosa'')
*'' Alsophila rufopannosa'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea rufopannosa'')
*'' Alsophila rupestris'' (Maxon) Gastony & R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea rupestris'')
*'' Alsophila saccata'' (Christ) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea saccata'')
*'' Alsophila salletii'' (Tardieu & C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea salletii'')
*'' Alsophila salvinii'' Hook. (syn. ''Cyathea salvinii'')
*'' Alsophila scandens'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea scandens'')
*'' Alsophila schlechteri'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea schlechteri'')
*'' Alsophila schliebenii'' Reimers (syn. ''Cyathea fadenii'')
*'' Alsophila sechellarum'' (Mett.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea sechellarum'')
*'' Alsophila semiamplectens'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea semiamplectens'')
*'' Alsophila serratifolia'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea serratifolia'')
*'' Alsophila setosa'' Kaulf. (syn. ''Cyathea setosa'')
*'' Alsophila setulosa'' (Copel.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea setulosa'')
*'' Alsophila similis'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila simulans'' Baker
*'' Alsophila sinuata'' (Hook. & Grev.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea sinuata'')
*'' Alsophila smithii'' (Hook.f.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea smithii'')
*'' Alsophila societarum'' (Baker) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila solomonensis'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea solomonensis'')
*'' Alsophila speciosa'' C.Presl (syns ''Alsophila caudata'', ''Cyathea caudata'')
*'' Alsophila spinulosa'' (Wall. ex Hook.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea spinulosa'')
*'' Alsophila stelligera'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila sternbergii'' (Pohl) D.S.Conant
*'' Alsophila stokesii'' (E.Brown) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila subdubia'' Alderw. (syn. ''Cyathea subdubia'')
*'' Alsophila subtripinnata'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea subtripinnata'')
*'' Alsophila sumatrana'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea sumatrana'')
*'' Alsophila sundueana'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila suprasora'' Panigrahi & Sarn.Singh
*'' Alsophila tanzaniana'' R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea schliebenii'')
*'' Alsophila telefominensis'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila tenuis'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea tenuicaulis'')
*'' Alsophila ternatea'' (Alderw.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea ternatea'')
*''Alsophila thomsonii
Alsophila may refer to:
* ''Alsophila'' (moth), a genus of moth
* ''Alsophila'' (plant), a genus of tree ferns
{{Taxonomy disambiguation ...
'' (Baker) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea thomsonii'')
*'' Alsophila tryoniana'' (Gastony) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea tryoniana'')
*'' Alsophila tsaratananensis'' (C.Chr.) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila tsilotsilensis'' (Tardieu) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea tsilotsilensis'')
*'' Alsophila tussacii'' (Desv.) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea tussacii'')
*'' Alsophila tuyamae'' (H.Ohba) Nakaike
*'' Alsophila urbani'' (Brause) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea urbanii'')
*'' Alsophila valdesquamata'' (Janssen & Rakotondr.) Christenh.
*'' Alsophila vandeusenii'' (Holttum) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea vandeusenii'')
*'' Alsophila veitchii'' Baker
*'' Alsophila vieillardii'' (Mett.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea vieillardii'')
*'' Alsophila viguieri'' (Tardieu) R.M.Tryon
*'' Alsophila walkerae'' (Hook.) J.Sm. (syn. ''Cyathea walkerae'')
*'' Alsophila weidenbrueckii'' Lehnert
*'' Alsophila welwitschii'' (Hook.) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea welwitschii'')
*'' Alsophila wengiensis'' Brause (syn. ''Cyathea wengiensis'')
*''Alsophila woodwardioides
''Alsophila woodwardioides'' is a species of tree fern native to Jamaica, Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Ju ...
'' (Kaulf.) D.S.Conant (syn. ''Cyathea woodwardioides'')
*'' Alsophila woollsiana'' F.Muell. (syn. ''Cyathea woollsiana'')
*'' Alsophila zakamenensis'' (Tardieu) R.M.Tryon (syn. ''Cyathea zakamenensis''
Distribution and habitat
The genus ''Alsophila'' is native in tropical and subtropical areas, from North and South America, through Africa, Madagascar and tropical Asia, to eastern Australasia
Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologica ...
as far south as the subantarctic Auckland Islands
The Auckland Islands (Māori: ''Motu Maha'' "Many islands" or ''Maungahuka'' "Snowy mountains") are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying south of the South Island. The main Auckland Island, occupying , is surrounded by smaller Adams Island, ...
.[ It is found in moist montane forests, on slopes or in ravines, forming part of the lower canopy, middle ]understorey
In forestry and ecology, understory (American English), or understorey (Commonwealth English), also known as underbrush or undergrowth, includes plant life growing beneath the forest canopy without penetrating it to any great extent, but abov ...
, or ground layers.[
]
Cultivation
''Alsophila'' species all require frost-free or virtually frost-free, permanently moist, shaded conditions. Those which have been grown in Europe outside their native habitat include '' A. australis'', '' A. cunninghamii'', '' A. dealbata'', '' A. leichhardtiana'' and '' A. rebeccae''.[ Other species are grown in their native regions. In Australia, '' A. australis'' is commonly grown and is a robust species, capable of tolerating some sun if kept in moist soil.]
Culture
The silver fern, ''Alsophila dealbata
''Alsophila dealbata'', synonym ''Cyathea dealbata'', commonly known as the silver fern or silver tree-fern, or as ponga or punga (from Māori or ),The Māori word , pronounced , has been borrowed into New Zealand English as a generic term fo ...
'' has become a widely recognised symbol of New Zealand, although it is not an official national symbol
A national symbol is a symbol of any entity considering and manifesting itself to the world as a national community: the sovereign states but also nations and countries in a state of colonial or other dependence, federal integration, or even an ...
.Walter Matthau
Walter Matthau (; born Walter John Matthow; October 1, 1920 – July 1, 2000) was an American actor, comedian and film director.
He is best known for his film roles in '' A Face in the Crowd'' (1957), ''King Creole'' (1958) and as a coach of a ...
). She describes the plant as having a vestigial indusium
A sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (plural coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori.
Etymology
This New Latin word is from Ancient ...
.
References
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q17198593, from2=Q2150610
Fern genera